For example, let’s say you’re watching a video file in VLC on Windows. On Linux and other UNIX-like operating systems, applications don’t lock exclusive access to files as often as they do on Windows. To learn more, read: HTG Explains: What “Everything Is a File” Means on Linux But understanding what this phrase means will help you understand how Linux works. This phrase is actually a bit of an oversimplification – everything isn’t really a file on Linux. For example, your first hard drive is represented by /dev/sda, your CD drive is available at /dev/cdrom, while your mouse is represented by /dev/mouse. Just as every mounted file system is a directory under / (the root directory), everything on Linux is a file. However, you could mount a partition anywhere you like – you could even mount it at /myBackupDrive. For example, you could place your home directories on a separate partition by mounting another partition at /home. If you have multiple hard drives or hard drive partitions, you could mount them anywhere you like on your file system. The contents of the directory display the contents of the mounted partition. When you connect a device to your computer, it will become available under /media/. There are no files above the root directory, as there are files outside of C: on Windows. On Linux, everything is under / – the root directory. (Windows can do this too, but this isn’t how it works out of the box.) Instead, it makes other file systems accessible at arbitrary directories. For example, the path to a user’s directory on Windows is: Windows uses backslashes, just as DOS did. Each file would have different contents – Linux treats capitalized letters and lower-case letters as different characters. This means that you could have files named file, File, and FILE in the same folder. On Linux, the file system is case sensitive. The Windows file system isn’t case sensitive, so it treats these names as the same file. On Windows, you can’t have a file named file and another file named FILE in the same folder. For the details, read: HTG Explains: The Linux Directory Structure Explained We have explained what each directory on the Linux file system is and what it’s for. On Linux, its files would be split between multiple locations – its binaries in /usr/bin, its libraries in /usr/lib, and its configuration files in /etc/. For example, on Windows, an application might store all its files in C:\Program Files\Application. The Linux directory structure doesn’t just use different names for folders, it uses an entirely different layout.
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